Basílica de la Mercè bcn - a photo on Flickriver

            a Basílica de la Mare de Déu de la Mercè, coneguda simplement com a Basílica de la Mercè, és una església d'estil barroc a la plaça de la Mercè, al Barri Gòtic de Barcelona. Es va construir entre 1765 i 1775, obra de l'arquitecte català Josep Mas i Dordal. Està dedicada a la Mare de Déu de la Mercè com a patrona de Barcelona, i és una de les esglésies més representatives de la ciutat comtal.L'orde del mercedaris es va fundar a Barcelona el 1218, gràcies a l'impuls de Pere Nolasc i Ramon de Penyafort i el suport de Jaume I. Inicialment era una confraria que es cuidava de l'Hospital de Santa Eulàlia i al rescat de captius, amb una organització propera a un orde militar. Gràcies a la intervenció del bisbe de Barcelona, Berenguer de Palou, el papa Gregori IX (1227-1241) el va aprovar com orde religiós l'any 1235.[2]

Sembla que el mateix Pere Nolasc va adquirir el 1232 uns terrenys que havien estat anteriorment propietat de Jaume I, situats entre la ciutat vella i el mar. Ramon de Plegamans, que va intervenir en l'operació, va aixecar un hospital en aquell lloc, també dedicat a Santa Eulàlia. Entre el 1249 i 1267 es va aixecar la primera església, dedicada a la Mare de Déu, precursora de l'actual.[2]
It was under the pontificate of the Bishop of Barcelona, Berenguer de Palou (1212-1241), whose tomb can be admired in the Chapel of St. Michel in the aisle of the cathedral, when the Virgin Mary miraculously appeared on August 2, 1218 to Saint Pedro Nolasco according to tradition.

The Order of La Merced was founded on the 10th of the same month and year in the cathedral of Barcelona with the presence of King James I of Aragon, bishop Berenguer de Palou and Saint Raimundo de Peñafort.

The order was officially established between 1222 and 1228 with the objective of rescuing the captives under the mussulman power. The Order adopted the shield composed of a silver cross over gules from the cathedral of Barcelona and the pour bars of Aragon.

In the year 1045, the Guitart of Santa Eulalia Hospital had been founded in the house of Pia Almoina, near the cathedral in order to care for the poor and the pilgrims, where on July 19, 1131 the Count of Barcelona Ramon Berenguer III died. In 1218 King James I gave this hospital to the newly created Order of la Merced so that they could establish there their convent.

On August 5, 1232 Ramon de Plegamans donated some land in the Arenal de Roquetas or Codols to the Order. The construction of the building of the new Santa Eulalia Hospital was immediately started and was finished in 1234. The following year pope Gregory IX (Hugoline) approved the constitution of the Order and in 1245 Innocence IV (Sinibaldo Fieschi, 1243-1254) put the hospital under the protection of the Holy See by means of a papal bull. In 1249 the bishop of Barcelona Pedro de Centelles (1243-1251) granted a privilege so that the church of the convent-hospital could be used by the populants.After the initial accommodation in the house of Pia Almoina, the convent of La Merced was transferred to Santa Eulalia on the beach of Roquetas and in 1252 the bridges over La Merced street were constructed which connected the convent with the church between the streets of La Merced and Ancha. The first gothic style temple was finished in 1267. Between 1336 and 1377 the architect Jaime Cerces directed the work of an important remodelling and in 1343 the entrance from Ancha street was opened. In 1361 Bernardo Roca made the altarpiece in tabernacle form.

The 4 feet high imagine placed in the altarpiece could still be the one through which the faithful actually venerate. In 1380 King Pedro IV, the Ceremonious, made a present of a urn to contain the body of Santa Maria de Cervello and in the 1389 the bell tower was finished. On January 27, 1401 King Martin I, the Human, granted the title of Royal Chapel to the church and the dignity of royal chaplains to the monks.

In 1419 the gothic façade of the temple was terminated. Its aspect is known by means of a document found in the Archives of Notarial Protocols. In 1492 the construction of a new altarpiece was begun under the design of Pedro Duran and the images of Saint John were sculpted by John Cassel. These images were finished by William Duystach. They were both german. In 1501 the stalls of the choir were built in poplar wood and oak from Flanders by Pedro Torrent.

The painter Antonio Marques was responsible of supervising the works of the altarpiece in 1503. In 1516 the Renaissance portal of san Miguel church was constructed by the architects Pedro Mateu and Gabriel Pellicer. The sculpture was made by the french Renato Ducloux. This doorway was placed in 1870 in the church of la Merced.

The renaissancist convent of La Merced

In 1650 the construction of the new convent in renaissance style took place. The cloister had black marble columns. It is now the headquarters of the Military Government. Construction began under the direction of the architect Jeronimo Santacana in 1605 and was continued by his son Jacinto Santacana (1613-1621). In 1651 construction of the entrance and the grand staircase were terminated.

It was then the famous ceramist Lorenzo Passolas made the polychrome wainscots of the cloister. In 1667 the gothic altarpiece of the church was dismantled and a new one was built in baroque style. It was 20 meters high by 8 meters wide with a central window over the Virgin’s chamber. Then the stalls of the choir were removed and on September 10, 1687 the sacristy of the choir were removed and on September 10, 1687 the sacristy which had been built from 1671 on, was burned.

A terrible locust plague devasted Barcelona in 1687 and the Consejo de Ciento (Council of the Hundred), requested protection to the Virgin of la Merced and proclaimed her patroness of the city on September 25th. The plagued ended the following year in September 1688. In 1689 a silver throne for the Virgin was constructed and the organ was installed. In 1693 the Consejo of Ciento offered a silver urn which would contains from then on, the wooden one with the body of Santa Maria de Cervelló. In the XVIII century during the war of Succession in 1705, an artillery missile fell onto the presbytery and killed a woman.

On July 23, 1714, when Barcelona was about to be taken by the troops of Phillip V, the image was taken to the cathedral until September. In 1755 José Buxá built the church’s new organ.

Taken on: June 4, 2022

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Camera: Nikon D750, f/4.5, 1/10 sec, 24mm, ISO 320 (more info) (hide info)

Camera:	Nikon D750
Aperture:	f/4.5
Exposure Time:	0.1 sec (1/10)
Focal Length:	24mm
ISO:	320
Exposure Bias:	+1/3 EV
Flash:	Off, Did not fire
Exposure Program:	Manual
Exposure Mode:	Manual
Metering Mode:	Multi-segment
White Balance:	Manual
Scene Capture Type:	Portrait
Color Space:	Uncalibrated
Software:	Adobe Photoshop 21.2 (Windows)
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