Rhyolite dikes (Tertiary) in Homestake Formation metamorphic rocks (Paleoproterozoic, 1.9-2.0 Ga) (Homestake Mine, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA) 14

            The largest gold mine in the Americas was the long-lived Homestake Mine in the town of Lead (pronounced “Leed”), South Dakota, USA.  Located in the Lead Window of the northern Black Hills Uplift in western South Dakota, the Homestake Mine produced about 40 million ounces of gold.  The gold at Homestake is almost exclusively confined to the Homestake Formation, a Paleoproterozoic (~1.9-2.0 billion years) sedimentary unit that originally consisted of interbedded Mg-rich siderite iron formation and marlstones.
 
The Homestake Formation has been strongly deformed & multiply metamorphosed, and many of the original rocks were converted to greenschists (cummingtonite schists).  The gold has been interpreted as having been originally deposited with the iron formation sediments by seafloor volcanogenic exahalative processes.  Slight metamorphic gold mobilization and tight structural folding has resulted in the formation of auriferous greenschist pods along fold axes.

Shown above is the open pit portion of the Homestake Mine.  The steeply-dipping, light-colored bands of rock are Tertiary-aged rhyolitic igneous dikes - planar to irregularly-planar igneous intrusions that cut across country rocks.  They can be thin or extremely thick & they can be vertical or obliquely-oriented.

Location: Rhyolite Peak in the Homestake Mine, town of Lead, northern Black Hills, western South Dakota, USA

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Taken on: August 17, 2010

Tags:

rhyolite

igneous

dikes

Peak

Homestake

Mine

Lead

Black

Hills

South

Dakota

gold

ore

mining « less

Sets appears in: • South Dakota Rocks & Fossils • Rhyolite & Porphyritic Rhyolite more » • Black Hills geology (western South Dakota, USA) • Igneous Dikes « less

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