Palermo is a city in Insular Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz. The present name is derived from the Greek Panoremus meaning 'always fit for landing in'. Palermo became part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. From 827 to 1071 it was under Arab rule during the Emirate of Sicily when it first became a capital. Following the Norman reconquest, Palermo became capital of a new kingdom (from 1130 to 1816), the Kingdom of Sicily. Eventually it would be united with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Two Sicilies until the Italian unification of 1860.The population of Palermo urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 855,285, while its metropolitan area is the fifth most populated in Italy with around 1.2 million people. In the central area, the city has a population of around 650,000 people. The inhabitants are known as Palermitans or, poetically, panormiti. The languages spoken by its inhabitants are the Italian language and the Sicilian language, in its Palermitan variation.Palermo is Sicily's cultural, economic and touristic capital. It is a city rich in history, culture, art, music and food. Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its good Mediterranean weather, its renowned gastronomy and restaurants, its Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque churches, palaces and buildings, and its nightlife and music. Palermo is the main Sicilian industrial and commercial center: the main industrial sectors include tourism, services, commerce and agriculture. Palermo currently has an international airport, and a significant underground economy. In fact, for cultural, artistic and economic reasons, Palermo was one of the largest cities in the Mediterranean and is now among the top tourist destinations in both Italy and Europe. The city is also going through careful redevelopment, preparing to become one of the major cities of the Euro-Mediterranean area.Roman Catholicism is highly important in Palermitan culture. The patron saint of the city is Saint Rosalia. Her feast day on July 15 is perhaps the biggest social event in the city. The area attracts significant numbers of tourists each year and is widely known for its colourful fruit, vegetable and fish market at the heart of Palermo, known as the Vucciria.
Palermo è un comune italiano di 654 987 abitanti, capoluogo della provincia di Palermo e della Regione Siciliana.È il quinto comune italiano per popolazione dopo Roma, Milano, Napoli e Torino e trentunesimo a livello europeo, nonché il principale centro urbano della Sicilia e dell'Italia insulare. L'area metropolitana di Palermo, che comprende il capoluogo ed altri 26 comuni, conta una popolazione di 1.041.314 abitanti.Estesa lungo l'omonimo golfo nel Mar Tirreno e adagiata sulla pianura della Conca d'Oro, così chiamata per via delle colorazioni tipiche degli agrumi che un tempo dominavano il paesaggio, è circondata completamente da una cinta muraria naturale: i monti di Palermo. Il tessuto urbano è diviso dal fiume Oreto che scorre nella sua omonima vallata.Fondata come città-porto dai Fenici intorno al 734 a.C., è stata sempre un nodo culturale e commerciale fra occidente e Asia, dunque uno strategico luogo di transito al centro del Mediterraneo. Possiede una storia millenaria che le ha regalato un notevole patrimonio artistico ed architettonico che spazia dai resti delle mura puniche per giungere a ville in stile liberty, passando dalle residenze in stile arabo-normanno, alle chiese barocche ed ai teatri neoclassici. Per ragioni culturali, artistiche ed economiche è stata tra le maggiori città del Mediterraneo ed oggi è fra le principali mete turistiche del mezzogiorno italiano e tra le maggiori mete crocieristiche.Fu capitale, dal 1160 al 1816, del Regno di Sicilia, e seconda città per importanza del Regno delle Due Sicilie fino al 1861. È sede dell'Assemblea regionale siciliana, dell'Università degli Studi e della principale arcidiocesi regionale.
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