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Cardiff, Wales

National Museum Cardiff

Grade I listed

Ref no:- Cadw 13694

History
1910 onwards. Designed by Arnold Dunbar Smith and Cecil C Brewer. In 1905 building of a museum had been authorized to designs of Edwin Seward, architect, but no progress was made. A competition in 1910 was won not by the expected Lanchester, Stewart and Rickards, who had built City Hall and Law Courts, but by Smith & Brewer. The building in a simpler Classical style makes reference not only to City Hall (eg general proportions and dome, banded rustication) but also to Harris' Glamorgan County Hall (recessed portico with paired columns). East wing and lecture theatre opened in 1932; west wing, as late as 1967, by T Alwyn Lloyd and Gordon. The attic sculpture was executed to a scheme of W Goscombe John by T J Clapperton (Mining & Shipping Learning), Gilbert Bayes (Prehistoric and Classical Periods), L R Garbe (Medieval and Modern Periods), David Evans (music), Bertram Pegram (Art, and dome sculptures). The original plan for the building was never completed, and in the early 1990s galleries were added between the E and W wings to designs of Alex Gordon Partnership. The building was intended from the first as a National Museum of Wales, not merely for Cardiff, and forms an essential part of the capital's civic centre, the finest in Britain.

Exterior
Classical style combining Grecian Doric and simplified version of the Baroque of City Hall and Law Courts. Portland stone; lead dome. Generally one massive storey on basement; small-pane metal glazing. Finely proportioned entrance front faces south-east; double flight of granite steps leads up to a recessed portico of coupled Doric columns surmounted by entablature and balustraded parapet, granite architrave to doorway with bronze doors; above, recessed attic storey and above this semi-circular centre dome of entrance hall, 30 metres high, supported on octagonal drum with concave corners (heraldic beasts to facets), and lunettes. To either side of centre portico are flanking wings of 3 bays with horizontal rustication; tall rectangular windows; centre bay projects forward window flanked by Doric columns in antis surmounted by enablature and attic adorned with groups of sculpture. Long west wing in same vein with 2 advanced blocks with 4 Doric columns flanked by piers enclosing 3 tall windows. East wing with central semi-circular lecture theatre of 13 windows; theatre flanked by doorways with fluted Doric columns. Returns of E and W wings have tall round-headed windows. Between wings modern courtyard galleries (opened 1993).

Interior
Magnificent spacious entrance hall with polished marble columns and floor. Central octagonal space beneath central dome with thermal windows (glazed with original pink glass). Tall piers, folded round inner angles of octagon. To each side, lower section with coffered ceilings and gallery round entire hall at high level on Ionic columns. To each end, broad staircases run up passing below gallery bridges and divide to give access to gallery, stairs top lit by glazed saucer domes. At upper level of octagon, stairs up to balcony off which are Library and Courtroom, both panelled, with Doric pilasters, and thermal windows, also other offices. Display galleries to front of building (Joseph Gallery, Pyke Thompson Gallery) in classical style with saucer domes. Semi-circular lecture theatre (said to be based on Ledoux's Besancon Theatre (1770s) with clerestorey windows behind unfluted Doric columns; semi-circular gallery over theatre. Other galleries in rear wings in various styles. Modern spacious light courtyard galleries (1993).

Reasons for Listing
Graded I as amongst the finest examples of Early C20 civic architecture in Britain with ambitious exterior and extremely interesting interiors, particularly the entrance hall, perhaps the grandest and most sophisticated public interior in Wales. Part of a group of exceptionally fine public buildings in Cathays Park which form what is certainly the finest civic centre in Britain. In addition to its architectural interest, the building and its setting express Cardiff's claims to be a city of international importance. Group value with other buildings in Cathays Park.

britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/300013694-national-museum-of...

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National Museum Cardiff

History

The National Museum of Wales was founded in 1905, with its royal charter granted in 1907.[2] Part of the bid for Cardiff to obtain the National Museum for Wales included the gift of the Cardiff Museum Collection, then known as "Welsh Museum of Natural History, Archaeology and Art," which was formally handed over in 1912. The Cardiff Museum was sharing the building of Cardiff Library, and was a sub-department of the library until 1893. Construction of a new building in the civic complex of Cathays Park began in 1912, but owing to the First World War it did not open to the public until 1922, with the official opening taking place in 1927. The architects were Arnold Dunbar Smith and Cecil Brewer, although the building as it now stands is a heavily truncated version of their design.

The sculpture scheme for the building was devised by Sir W. Goscombe John and consisted of the groups Prehistoric Period and Classic Period by Gilbert Bayes as well as Learning, Mining, and Shipping by Thomas J Clapperton, Art by Bertram Pegram, Medieval Period by R. L. Garbe, Music by David Evans, and others. D. Arthur Thomas was commissioned to produce a model for the dragons, and A. Bertram Pegram to produce a model for the lions that were placed around the base of the dome.

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_Cardiff

Taken on: September 1, 2012

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