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Cavalier
King
Charles
Spaniel
The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a British breed of toy dog of spaniel type. Four colours are recognised: Blenheim (chestnut and white)
tricolour (black/white/tan)
black and tan
and ruby; the coat is smooth and silky.[2] The lifespan is usually between eight and twelve years.[1] The Cavalier King Charles changed dramatically in the late seventeenth century
when it was inter-bred with flat-nosed breeds. Until the 1920s
it shared the same history as the smaller King Charles Spaniel. Breeders attempted to recreate what they considered to be the original configuration
when supporters of the king were known as Cavaliers.[3][4] History Cavalier King Charles Spaniel; lesser stop; skull not inclined to be domed with spot in centre of skull on the Blenheim. A white blaze between the eyes is standard of the Tricolour varie
with no white markings; ears and slippers are often slightly lighter but dark chestnut colour should predominate During the early part of the 18th century
John Churchill
1st Duke of Marlborough
kept red and white King Charles type spaniels for hunting. The duke recorded that they were able to keep up with a trotting horse. His estate was named Blenheim in honour of his victory at the Battle of Blenheim. Because of this influence
the red and white variety of the King Charles Spaniel and thus the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel became known as the Blenheim.[5] Attempts were made to recreate the original Cavalier King Charles Spaniel as early as the turn of the 20th century
using the now extinct Toy Trawler Spaniels. These attempts were documented by Judith Blunt-Lytton
16th Baroness Wentworth
in the book Toy Dogs and Their Ancestors Including the History And Management of Toy Spaniels, Pekingese, Japanese and Pomeranians published under the name of the Hon. Mrs Neville Lytton in 1911.[6] Divergence from King Charles Spaniel In 1926
the American Roswell Eldridge offered a dog show class prize of 25 pounds of sterling silver each as a prize for the best male and females of Blenheim Spaniels of the old type, as shown in pictures of Charles II of England's time, long face, no stop, flat
although several entered what they considered to be sub-par Cavalier King Charles Spaniels in the competition. Eldridge died before seeing his plan come to fruition
but several breeders believed in what he said and in 1928 the first Cavalier club was formed.[7] The first standard was created
based on a dog named Ann's Son owned by Mostyn Walker
[8] and the Kennel Club recognised the variety as King Charles Spaniels, Cavalier type.[7] The Second World War caused a drastic setback to the emerging breed
with the vast majority of breeding stock destroyed because of wartime hardship and food shortages. For instance
in the Ttiweh Cavalier Kennel
the population of 60 dogs dropped to three during the 1940s.[9] Following the war
few dogs survived as the new beginning from which all present-day Cavaliers descend. And in 1945
[10] the Kennel Club first recognised the breed in its own right as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.[7] The first recorded Cavalier living in the United States was brought from the United Kingdom in 1956 by W. Lyon Brown who
together with Elizabeth Spalding and other enthusiasts
founded the Cavalier King Charles Club USA that continues to the present day. In 1994
the American Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club was created by a group of breeders to apply for recognition by the American Kennel Club. It was recognised by the American Kennel Club in 1995
[2] and the ACKCSC became the parent club for Cavaliers.[11] Since 2000
it has grown in popularity in the United States and ranks as the 15th most popular pure-breed in the United States.[12] Description The purebred Black and Tan uniform. A purebred Black and Tan uniform. Historically the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was a
with fully grown adults comparable in size to adolescents of other larger spaniel breeds. The tail is usually not docked
[13] and the Cavalier should have a silky coat of moderate length. Standards state that it should be free from curl
although a slight wave is allowed. Feathering can grow on their ears
feet
legs and tail in adulthood. Standards require this be kept long
with the feathering on the feet a particularly important aspect of the breed's features.[13] The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and the English Toy Spaniel can often be confused with each other. In the United Kingdom
the English Toy Spaniel is called the King Charles Spaniel
while in the United States
one of the colours of the Toy Spaniel is known as King Charles. The two breeds share similar history and only diverged from each other about 100 years ago.[citation needed] There are several major differences between the two breeds
with the primary difference being size. While the Cavalier weighs on average between 13 and 18 pounds (5.9 and 8.2 kg)
the King Charles is smaller at 9 to 15 pounds (4.1 to 6.8 kg). In addition
their facial features
while similar
are different; the Cavalier's ears are set higher and its skull is flat
while the King Charles's skull is domed. Finally
the muzzle length of the Cavalier tends to be longer than that of its King Charles cousin.[7][14] Colour Two dogs with long ears sit on a wooden platform overlooking the sea. They are mostly white, but have black ears and black and brown markings on thei
Blenheim variety
with chestnut brown markings on a white background on its back
patches over eyes and all brown ears The breed has four recognized colours. Cavaliers that have rich chestnut markings on a pearly white background are known as Blenheim in honor of Blenheim Palace
where John Churchill
1st Duke of Marlborough raised for assistance in hunting the predecessors to the Cavalier breed in this particular colour. In some Blenheim dogs there is a chestnut spot in the middle of the forehead: this is called the Blenheim spot.[15] The Blenheim spo
based on the legend that Sarah Churchill
Duchess of Marlborough while awaiting news of her husband's safe return from the Battle of Blenheim
pressed the head of an expecting dam with her thumb
resulting in five puppies bearing the lucky mark after news that the battle had been won.[16] Black and Tan are dogs with black bodies with tan highlights
particularly eyebrows
cheeks
legs and beneath the tail.[17] Black and Tan is referred to as King Charles in the King Charles Spaniel.[7]
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