20170405_134055 - a photo on Flickriver

20170405_134055

            A recently dedicated memorial to the victims of Malenki Robot, Hungarians taken to the Soviet Union for forced labour in 1945, during the Russian occupation. The memorial is just outside the Ferencvaros railway station in Budapest, Hungary. I stopped at the station when my car was repaired at the neighbouring garage in April 2017.

Egy egészen új emlékmű a ferencvárosi vasútállomáson Budapesten, a Malenkij Robot áldozatainak állít emléket. 2017. áprilisában tértem be az állomásra, mikor az autómat szervízeltettem a szomszédos Renault-szalonban.

In Hungary the phenomenon has been referred to as málenkij robot, a corrupted form of the Russian malenkaya rabota (маленькая работа), meaning 'little work'. The expression originated during the first wave of deportations of Hungarian civilians: after an occupation of a Hungarian town, civilians were rounded up for 'little work' regarding the removal of ruins. The largest single deportation during the first wave occurred in Budapest. Allegedly Marshal Rodion Malinovsky overestimated in his reports the number of Prisoners of War taken after the Battle of Budapest, and to make the numbers some 100,000 civilians were gathered in Budapest and its neighborhood. The first wave took place mainly in north-western Hungary, on the path of the advancing Soviet Army. The second, more organized wave happened 1–2 months later, in January 1945, covering the whole of Hungary. According to the USSR State Defence Committee Order 7161, ethnic Germans were to be deported for forced labor from the occupied territories, including Hungary. Soviet authorities had deportation quotas for each region, and when the target was missed, it was filled up with ethnic Hungarians. In addition, Hungarian Prisoners of War were deported during this period. POW and civilians were handled by the Main Department for the Affairs of POWs and Internees of the NKVD (Russian abbreviation: GUPVI), with its own system of labor camps, similar to Gulag. The deported people were transported in cargo wagons to transit camps in Romania and Western Ukraine. Survivor testimony suggests a high death rate in the camps and in transit from various causes, including epidemic dysentery, bad weather, and malnutrition.

Taken in: Magyarország / Budapest / Budapest / Ferencváros (show map)

Taken on: April 5, 2017

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Sets appears in: • 2017_04XXXX_Április

Camera: samsung SM-A510F, f/1.9, 1/271 sec, 3.7mm, ISO 40 (more info) (hide info)

Camera:	samsung SM-A510F
Aperture:	f/1.9
Exposure Time:	0.004 sec (1/271)
Focal Length:	3.7mm
ISO:	40
Exposure Bias:	0 EV
Flash:	No Flash
Exposure Program:	Program AE
Exposure Mode:	Auto
Metering Mode:	Center-weighted average
White Balance:	Auto
Color Space:	sRGB
Software:	A510FXXU4BQC1
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