9975 R Skadar - La défense de Shkodra, les tranchées de Bardhanjor Bardanjolt (alb. Bardhanjoret) Shkoders Shkodrës 8.II.1913. Atelier Photographique Marubbi Scutari (Albanie) Souvenir d'Albanie Kartëpostë Shqypëniet Carte Postale

In the year 1912, Montenegro entered into an alliance with the Christian states of the Balkans (Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece), with a view to total national liberation from Ottoman rule. A military convention with Serbia defined the directions of offensive action. The Montenegrin army, organized on a territorial-tribal principle, of the militia type, poorly armed and equipped, was divided into three forces: the Coastal Force, commanded by General Mitar Martinovic, numbered 8.000 troops and 34 cannon, and was stationed at Bar. The Zeta Force, under the command of Crown Prince Danilo, numbered 15.000 troops and 40 cannon and was stationed at Podgorica. This force was entrusted with the most important task - the capture of Skadar. The Eastern Force, commanded by General Janko Vukotic and numbering 12.600 troops and 32 cannon, was deployed around Mojkovac, Berane and Plav with the task of guarding the border and launching offensives in the regions of Sandzak and Metohija if needed. Confronting the Montenegrin army was a Turkish army of 24.450 men and 150 cannon. The war against the Ottoman Empire, known in history as the First Balkan War, broke out on October 8, 1912, at Montenegro's declaration. In The early encounters, the Zeta Force achieved some initial advantage, but failed to use in to good purpose. The Forces advance on Skadar was slow, although it had an open read, the Catholic Albanian tribes having sided with Montenegro. This inertia enabled the Turkish commander to reinforce his defenses numerically. The Eastern Force did its job quickly; it liberated Mojkovac, Bijelo Polje, Pljevlja, Berane Rozaj, Plav, Gusinje and Djakovica (on November 4), marching in together with the Serbian army.

A truce was signed on December 3, with the situation around Skadar still unclear. The Battle of Skadar was resumed on 7-9 February 1913, with enormous losses at the Bardanjolt and Tarabos strongholds, but the city was not taken. This forced King Nikola to turn to Serbia for help. Acceding to his request, the Serbian government sent to his aid the Coastal Corps (numbering 30.450 troops, 41 cannon and 4 planes) specially formed for the purpose and commanded by General Petar Bojovic. No attack materialized, because the big powers had sent a strong protest to Montenegro demanding that it raise the siege of Skadar, after which eight men-of-war of the European powers sailed into Montenegrin waters in the Adriatic sea. On the other side. Russia forced Serbia to with draw its army from Skadar. Despite all this, the siege of Skadar was not abandoned. King Nikola and his Supreme Command decided to force the city to surrender by shelling it from artillery weapons alone. In this they were successful. Esad -pasha, who commanded the defense of Skadar, offered acceptable terms for the surrender of the city, and Montenegrins troops marched into Skadar on April 24. However, this solved nothing. On the contrary, the big powers only intensified their interference. Fierce diplomatic pressure was brought to bear on King Nikola who found in impossible to resist without risking a suicidal war. Kind Nikola communicated his decision to leave Skadar to the English Foreign Minister Mr. E. Gray, saying in effect that his dignity and the dignity of his people would not permit him to submit to pressure and was therefore reposing the fate of the city of Skadar in the hands of the Great Powers. After this communication, a treaty on the surrender of Skadar was signed and international troops marched into the city on May 14.

Montenegro's losses in the First Balkan War were 9.500 dead and wounded. In the Second Balkan War, which erupted between erstwhile allies, Montenegro took the side of Serbia: on July 10, 1913, King Nikola declared war on Bulgaria and sent the Decani Force, numbering 13.000 troops, to Macedonia to assist the Serbian Army. Sending the detachment off on its mission, King Nikola exported them to do their duty in the "Defense of our Serbian interests". The detachment lost 950 dead and wounded.

The Balkan Wars proved favorable to Montenegro, which expanded its territory by and additional 5.000 square kilometers, to total 14.442 square kilometers. In annexed the towns of Mojkovac, Bijelo Polje, Pljevlja, Berane, Plav, Gusinje, Rozaj, Pec, Djakovica and Tuzi and a part of Lake Skadar.
Text from:
www.njegos.org/mnhistory/hist4.htm
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Kel Kodheli (better known as Kel Marubi) (1870–13 March 1940) was an Albanian photographer. He was the father of Geg Marubi.

9975 R Skadar - La défense de Shkodra, les tranchées de Bardhanjor Bardanjolt (alb. Bardhanjoret) Shkoders Shkodrës 8.II.1913. Atelier Photographique Marubbi Scutari (Albanie) Souvenir d'Albanie Kartëpostë Shqypëniet Carte Postale

Taken in: Albania / Qarku i Shkodrës / Shkodër (show map)

Taken on: February 8, 1913

Tags:

9975

défense

Shkodra

les

tranchées

Bardhanjor

Bardanjolt

(alb.

Bardhanjoret)

Shkoders

Shkodrës

8.II.1913.

Atelier

Photographique

Marubbi

Scutari

(Albanie)

Souvenir

d'Albanie

Kartëpostë

Shqypëniet

Carte

Postale

Kel Kodheli

Kel Marubi « less

Sets appears in: • Albania Skadar Shkodër County

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Camera: Canon CanoScan 9000F Mark II (more info) (hide info)

Camera:	Canon CanoScan 9000F Mark II
Color Space:	sRGB
Software:	ACDSee Ultimate 2018
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