0240 Hagia Sophia - Santa Sofía - Ayasofya

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CAT:
Santa Sofia (en turc Ayasofya i en grec Άγια Σοφία) és una antiga església ortodoxa convertida en mesquita i avui museu d'Istanbul. L'esplanada des d'on es contempla Santa Sofia a un costat i la Mesquita del Sultà Ahmet o Mesquita Blava a l'altra és una imatge turística però inoblidable. Es considera l'obra més gran i sagrada de l'època Bizantina. Va ser utilitzada com església durant 916 anys, des de la seva construcció l'any 537 fins al dia de la conquesta d'Istanbul l'any 1453. Des d'aquesta data fins a 1934, durant 481 anys, es va utilitzar com a mesquita. Després de passar una restauració complerta per ordre de Kemal Atatürk, fundador de la república Turca, el febrer de 1935, va ser inaugurada com a museu.

ENG:
Hagia Sophia (Turkish: Ayasofya, from the Greek: Ἁγία Σοφία, "Holy Wisdom"; Latin: Sancta Sophia or Sancta Sapientia) is a former Orthodox patriarchal basilica, later a mosque, now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. Famous in particular for its massive dome, it is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and to have "changed the history of architecture." It was the largest cathedral in the world for nearly a thousand years, until the completion of the Seville Cathedral in 1520. The current building was originally constructed as a church between 532 and 537 A.D. on the orders of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian, and was in fact the third Church of the Holy Wisdom to occupy the site (the previous two had both been destroyed by riots). It was designed by two architects, Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles. The Church contained a large collection of holy relics and featured, among other things, a 15m (49 foot) silver iconostasis. It was the seat of the Patriarch of Constantinople and the religious focal point of the Eastern Orthodox Church for nearly one thousand years. It was the church in which Cardinal Humbert marched up to the altar and excommunicated Cerularius, marking the official start of the Great Schism.

ESP:
La iglesia de Santa Sofía, la Divina Sabiduría o Hagia Sophia (griego: Άγια Σοφία, turco Ayasofya Müzesi), dedicada a la tercera persona de la Trinidad, es una de las obras más sublimes del arte bizantino. Fue construida del 532 al 537, durante el mandato de Justiniano I en Constantinopla, capital del Imperio bizantino (hoy Estambul, en Turquía).
Sus arquitectos, los griegos Antemio de Tralles e Isidoro de Mileto, cubrieron el edificio, de planta casi cuadrada, con una cúpula central sobre pechinas. Ésta reposa sobre cuatro arcos, sostenidos a su vez por cuatro columnas. Dos semicúpulas hacen de contrafuerte de la cúpula central y los muros abiertos están asegurados por contrafuertes. Posee además unos bellos mosaicos bizantinos. La construcción definitiva se llevó a cabo sobre la primitiva basílica de Constantino entre el 532 y el 537, durante el reinado de Justiniano, en el periodo conocido como "Primera Edad de Oro". Sus arquitectos realizaron un diseño sin antecedentes, tomando elementos conocidos (planta basilical y rotonda), pero que se unen en una estructura nueva.
Fue utilizada como iglesia cristiana durante casi mil años, desde su construcción hasta la conquista de Constantinopla por los turcos en 1453. Allí se refugiaron los aterrorizados habitantes en el ataque a la ciudad. Los otomanos la conviertieron en mezquita, agregando posteriormente los cuatro minaretes que hoy presenta, así como los medallones decorativos interiores. En 1935 fue convertida en museo.

Taken in: Turkey / İstanbul / İstanbul / Alemdar (show map)

Taken on: December 2, 2009

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