Cruz Ortodoxa / Eastern Orthodox Cross / Byzantine Cross / Crux Orthodoxa / Patriarchal Cross

@ Atyrau, Kazakhstan
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La Cruz ortodoxa más difundida en la Iglesia ortodoxa es la cruz de ocho brazos, que recibe también el nombre de crucifijo. Sobre el eje central (vertical) se encuentran tres travesaños horizontales.

El mediano es grande, para las manos del Cristo crucificado.

El travesaño horizontal superior recuerda la tablilla con la inscripción "Jesús Nazareno, Rey de los Judíos". Escrita en tres lenguas -griego, latín y hebreo- fue colocada sobre la cruz de Cristo por orden de Pilato. Era costumbre romana escribir la culpa del reo en estas tablillas.

En la tradición ortodoxa, los pies de Cristo no están atravesados por un solo clavo, como en la católica, sino con dos clavos: uno por cada pie.

El travesaño horizontal inferior es para los pies del Crucificado. Uno de sus extremos está un poco alzado: muestra el paraíso, hacia el cual se dirigió el Buen Ladrón crucificado junto a Cristo. El otro extremo, en cambio, se dirige hacia abajo: hacia el infierno, el lugar destinado al otro ladrón, que no se arrepintió.
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The Patriarchal cross is a variant of the Christian cross, the universal religious symbol of Christianity. Similar to the familiar Latin cross, the Patriarchal cross possesses a smaller crossbar placed above the main one, so that both crossbars are near the top. Sometimes the patriarchal cross has a short, slanted crosspiece near its foot. This slanted, lower crosspiece often appears in Byzantine Greek and Eastern European iconography, as well as Eastern Orthodox churches.

The Eastern Orthodox cross (also known as Crux Orthodoxa, the Byzantine cross, the Eastern cross, and the "Russian" cross) can be considered a modified version of the Patriarchal cross, having two smaller crossbeams, one at the top and one near the bottom, in addition to the longer crossbeam. One suggestion is the lower crossbeam represents the footrest (suppendaneum) to which the feet of Jesus were nailed. In some earlier representations (and still currently in the Greek Church) the crossbar near the bottom is straight. In later Russian and other traditions, it came to be depicted as slanted, with the side to the viewer's left usually being higher.

One tradition says that this comes from the idea that as Jesus Christ took his last breath, the bar to which his feet were nailed broke, thus slanting to the side. Another tradition holds that the slanted bar represents the repentant thief and the unrepentant thief that were crucified with Christ, the one to Jesus' right hand repenting and rising to be with God, and one on his left falling to Hell and separation from God. In this manner it also reminds the viewer of the Last Judgment.

Still another explanation of the slanted crossbar would suggest the Cross Saltire, as tradition holds that the Apostle St. Andrew introduced Christianity to lands north and west of the Black Sea: today's Romania, Moldova, Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine.

Taken on: October 17, 2009

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Camera: Sony DSLR-A300, f/9.0, 1/400 sec, 70mm (=105mm), ISO 100 (more info) (hide info)

Camera:	Sony DSLR-A300
Aperture:	f/9.0
Exposure Time:	0.003 sec (1/400)
Focal Length:	70mm (35mm equivalent: 105mm)
ISO:	100
Exposure Bias:	0 EV
Flash:	Off, Did not fire
Exposure Program:	Program AE
Exposure Mode:	Auto bracket
Metering Mode:	Multi-segment
White Balance:	Auto
Color Space:	Uncalibrated
Software:	DSLR-A300 v1.00
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