Suecia - Helsingborg - Ayuntamiento
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ENGLISH
Helsingborg (Swedish pronunciation: [hɛlsɪŋˈbɔrj]; spelled Hälsingborg between 1912 and 1970) is a town and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Scania, Sweden. It had 140,547 inhabitants in 2016. Helsingborg is the centre of the northern part of western Scania. There is no formal metropolitan area, but the municipality of Helsingborg City and its neighbouring five municipalities (within Scania) had in spring of 2013 a population of 269 489 inhabitants at an area of 1,353 square kilometres (522.396 square miles), a population density of 200 people/km2. This makes Helsingborg the fourth largest population area in Sweden. The city is also Sweden's closest point to Denmark, with the Danish city Helsingør clearly visible on the other side of the Øresund about 4 km (2 mi) to the west, closer than to the city's own remoter areas. If including all population around the northern part of Øresund, as a Helsingborg-Helsingør metropolitan area, its population increases to 732 450 at an area of 2,802 square kilometres (1,081.858 square miles). The busy ferry route, known as the HH Ferry route has through history been operated by several shipping lines. As of 2014 more than 70 car ferries departures from each harbour every day.
Following the Swedish orthography reform of 1906 many place names in Sweden got a modernized spelling. In 1912 it was decided to use the form Hälsingborg. In preparation for the local government reform. In 1971 the Hälsingborg city council proposed that the new, enlarged municipality should be spelled with an "e". This was also the decision of the Government of Sweden, effective from 1 January 1971.
Historic Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a 600-year-old medieval fortress (Kärnan) in the city centre, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. Kullagatan, the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden.
Helsingborg is one of the oldest cities of what is now Sweden. It has been the site of permanent settlement officially since 21 May 1085. Helsingborg's geographical position at the narrowest part of Øresund made it very important for Denmark, at that time controlling both sides of that strait. From 1429 Eric of Pomerania introduced the Øresundstolden (the Sound Dues), a levy on all trading vessels passing through the sound between Elsinore and Helsingborg. This was one of the main incomes for the Danish Crown. Crossing traffic, like fishermen, was not subject to the tax, which was initially directed against the Hanseatic League.
The Sound Dues helped Helsingør to flourish, and some of it spilled over to Helsingborg. The northern narrow inlet to Øresund with its relatively high coastlines made impression on many mariners, and when Kronborg during the Renaissance was rebuilt from a fortress to a Palace the area got famous. Evidence of this is William Shakespeare's Hamlet, which unfolds at Kronborg; the titular Prince of Denmark may well have hidden himself from his uncle in Helsingborg. The era of the Renaissance helped the Kingdom of Denmark, but towards the middle of the 17th century, the situation worsened.
Following the Dano-Swedish War (1657-1658) and the Treaty of Roskilde Denmark had to give up all territory on the southern Scandinavian peninsula, and Helsingborg became submitted to new rulers. King Charles X Gustav of Sweden landed here on 5 March 1658 to take personal possession of the Scanian lands and was met by a delegation led by the bishop of the Diocese of Lund, Peder Winstrup. At that time the town had a population of barely 1,000 people. He soon attempted to erase Denmark totally from the map, by attacking Copenhagen but failed (Treaty of Copenhagen (1660)), and died in Gothenburg soon afterwards. Not much changed for some 15 years, but when Charles XI was declared of age, the new king indeed was unsatisfied with his former rulers[clarification needed] (known as "Förmyndarräfsten" in Swedish history).
Its situation on a conflict-ridden border caused problems for Helsingborg. Denmark recaptured Scania twice, but could not hold it. The last Danish attempt to regain Scania was in 1710, when 14,000 men landed on the shores near Helsingborg. The Battle of Helsingborg was fought on the 28th of February just outside the city, which was badly affected. It took a long time to recover; even in 1770 the city had only 1,321 inhabitants and was still growing slowly.
On 20 October 1811 Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal of France and crown prince-elect of Sweden (later king Charles XIV John) took his first step on Swedish soil in Helsingborg on his journey from Paris to Stockholm.
From the middle of the 19th century onwards, however, Helsingborg was one of the fastest growing cities of Sweden, increasing its population from 4,000 in 1850 to 20,000 in 1890 and 56,000 in 1930 due to industrialization. From 1892 a train ferry was put in service, connecting Helsingborg with its Danish sister city Helsingør. A tramway network was inaugurated in 1903 and closed down in 1967.
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ESPAÑOL
Helsingborg ( pronunciación sueca: [hɛlsɪŋˈbɔrj] ; deletreada Hälsingborg entre 1912 y 1970) es una ciudad y la sede del municipio de Helsingborg , Scania , Suecia. En 2016 tenía 140,547 habitantes. Helsingborg es el centro de la parte norte del oeste de Scania . No existe un área metropolitana formal, pero el municipio de Helsingborg City y sus cinco municipios vecinos (dentro de Scania) tenían en la primavera de 2013 una población de 269 489 habitantes en un área de 1,353 kilómetros cuadrados (522.396 millas cuadradas), una densidad de población de 200 personas / km 2 . Esto convierte a Helsingborg en la cuarta mayor población de Suecia. La ciudad es también el punto más cercano de Suecia a Dinamarca , con la ciudad danesa Helsingør claramente visible al otro lado del Øresund, a unos 4 km (2 millas) al oeste, más cerca que a las áreas más remotas de la ciudad. Si incluye a toda la población de la parte norte de Øresund, como área metropolitana de Helsingborg-Helsingør, su población aumenta a 732 450 en un área de 2,802 kilómetros cuadrados (1,081.858 millas cuadradas). La ruta ocupada del ferry, conocida como la ruta HH Ferry, ha sido operada a través de la historia por varias líneas navieras. A partir de 2014 más de 70 transbordadores de automóviles salen de cada puerto todos los días.
Tras la reforma de la ortografía sueca de 1906, muchos nombres de lugares en Suecia obtuvieron una ortografía modernizada. En 1912 se decidió utilizar la forma Hälsingborg. En preparación para la reforma del gobierno local. En 1971, el ayuntamiento de Hälsingborg propuso que el nuevo municipio ampliado se escribiera con una "e". Esta fue también la decisión del Gobierno de Suecia, efectiva desde el 1 de enero de 1971.
La histórica Helsingborg, con sus muchos edificios antiguos, es una pintoresca ciudad costera. Los edificios son una mezcla de iglesias antiguas construidas en piedra y una fortaleza medieval de 600 años (Kärnan) en el centro de la ciudad, y edificios comerciales más modernos. Las calles varían desde amplias avenidas hasta pequeños callejones. Kullagatan, la principal calle comercial peatonal de la ciudad, fue la primera calle comercial peatonal en Suecia.
Helsingborg es una de las ciudades más antiguas de Suecia. Ha sido el lugar de asentamiento permanente de forma oficial desde el 21 mayo de 1085. La posición geográfica de Helsingborg en la parte más angosta del estrecho fue muy importante para Dinamarca, cuando en aquel momento tenía control sobre ambos lados de ese estrecho. A partir de 1429 los daneses introdujeron el "Deber del Estrecho" (Sound Dues), un impuesto sobre todos los buques comerciales que pasaran por el estrecho entre Elsinor y Helsingborg. Este fue uno de los principales ingresos para la corona danesa.