Hotz collection: Hong Kong young woman (Tanka/Baiyue?), ca. 1870

Charles Gesner van der Voort's (1916-1991) employer, Holland-China Trading Company (HCHC), was founded by several people, including Albert Hotz, through Hotz, s'Jacob & Co (Albertus Paulus Hermanus Hotz, born in Rotterdam in 1855, died in Italy in 1930).

When I searched the internet for more information on Albert Hotz, I was in for a surprise. There was a newspaper article, mentioning that he was an early photographer:
"Een lid der Rotterdamsche firma S.C.P. Hotz & Zoon, de heer A. Hotz, heeft een reis naar Perzië gemaakt en is daarvan nu teruggekeerd. Hij brengt, schrijft men uit Londen aan de "N. R. Ct." geen ongunstig nieuws uit Teheran mede.
Door hem zijn ernstige pogingen in het werk gesteld om den handel tusschen Nederland en Perzië, vroeger, naar men weet, van groot belang, weer te verlevendigen. Met dat doel is een kleine vennootschap opgericht, waarbij eenige Nederlandsche fabrikanten van naam betrokken zijn. Deze vennootschap beoogt het invoeren van Europeesche fabrikaten, inzonderheid Nederlandsche, te Teheran, waar een Hollandsche bazaar met den afzet zal worden belast.
De vertegenwoordiger van Nederland in de Perzische hoofdstad, de heer Knobel, heeft groote belangstelling voor dit plan aan den dag gelegd en stelt zich veel voor van de te verkrijgen inkomsten.
De heer Hotz is een ernstig liefhebber der photographische kunst en heeft met zijnen Kodak een groot aantal landschappen in Perzië afgebeeld. Deze afdrukken, vermenigvuldigd, vergroot en duurzaam gemaakt door het platinotypische proces, zijn ten deele vereenigd in een smaakvol album, dat een getrouw beeld geeft van het hedendaagsche en ook van het oude Perzië.
Van bijzondere waarde zijn de kleurige platen van de bouwvallen van Persepolis en van Ispahan, vooral die waarop de graven der "opperhoofden" van de Oost-Indische Compagnie op het Armenische kerkhof te Julfa zijn weergegeven."
(Royal Dutch Library, Delpher.nl, Haagsche Courant, 31 July 1893)

Would any of these photo have survived? And, were any photos of China to be found, A. Hotz being a founder of Holland-China Trading Company. Soon, I found reference to the Hotz collection at Leiden University. Indeed, there were Chinese images to be found, and a wonderful portrait of Albert Hotz and his wife Lucy Helen Woods.

Hotz was also mentioned in Mattie Boom's thesis. She wrote that Hotz traveled from Persia to China, via the old Silk Road, still in use in the 1890s. In London, well-known China-photographer John Thomson printed Hotz' photographs. He may have also sold Hotz a collection of Chinese photographs, currently held at Leiden University Library.
"De Rotterdammer Albert Paul Herman Hotz (1855-1930) was zo’n reizende ondernemer die graag fotografeerde. Hij trok in 1874 voor het eerst naar Perzië waar hij ging handelen in tapijten, textiel en olie. In Teheran had hij vanaf 1890 zijn zogeheten ‘Tehran Toko’ waar hij zijn handelswaar doorverkocht. Teheran was de standplaats, maar vandaaruit deed het bedrijf ook zaken met China. De zijderoute was in de late 19de eeuw nog steeds dezelfde levendige weg als in de eeuwen daarvoor. Via deze route werden handelsbetrekkingen met China onderhouden. Hotz ondernam de tocht verschillende malen."
"Er zijn meer dan twintig fotoalbums van Hotz met zijn eigen foto’s bewaard gebleven (afb. 132). Deze foto’s werden door de bekende China-fotograaf John Thomson voor Hotz afgedrukt op het fraaie platinapapier. Mogelijk maakte Thomson ook de albums. Hotz had, toen hij in Londen woonde, Thomson ontmoet op een van de bijeenkomsten van de Royal Geographical Society. De mannen raakten in gesprek toen Thomson een van zijn voordrachten over China met projectie van lantaarnplaatjes hield. Ook Hendrik Dunlop die als vertegenwoordiger bij de firma Hotz werkte, ging via Teheran en Shiraz langs de zijderoute naar China. Achterin Dunlops album Shiraz zitten een paar kleine foto’s die hij rond 1895 in China maakte, waaronder een van de theefabriek van Fuzhou."
(Mattie Boom 2017, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Kodak in Amsterdam. De opkomst van de amateurfotografie in Nederland 1880-1910, p. 113)
There is an exhibition in Rijksmuseum (Amsterdam) by Mattie Boom, about amateur photography in the Netherlands, 15 February - 10 June 2019.
www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/press/rijksmuseum-exhibition-traces...

Original caption reads:
"No. 14 (added: 723)
Hongkong (Native) Girl."

The dressing resembled a woman depicted in an article by SMCP:
www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/long-reads/article/2...
Hong Kong’s ‘protected women’: the forgotten females of city’s patriarchal 19th-century society, by Stuart Heaver, 10 March 2019.
The article is accompanied by a photo showing resemblance in dressing; it has the following caption:
"A boatwoman of the southern Chinese Tanka ethnic minority. Hong Kong’s “protected women” were often of Tanka heritage."

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanka_people
The Tankas (simplified Chinese: 疍家; traditional Chinese: 蜑家; pinyin: Dànjiā; Cantonese Yale: Daahngā) or boat people are an ethnic subgroup in Southern China who have traditionally lived on junks in coastal parts of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan, and Zhejiang, as well as Hong Kong, and Macau. Though many now live onshore, some from the older generations still live on their boats and pursue their traditional livelihood of fishing. Historically, the Tankas were considered to be outcasts. Since they were boat people who lived by the sea, they were sometimes referred to as "sea gypsies" by the Chinese and British. Tanka origins can be traced back to the native ethnic minorities of southern China known historically as the Baiyue who may have taken refuge on the sea and gradually assimilated into Han culture. However, Tanka have preserved many of their native traditions that are not found in Han Chinese culture.

Courtesy Leiden University Library, Special Collections, Or. 26.590 Hotz album 27, Or. 26.591 Hotz album 28, Or. 27.133 (1) Aktetas van Haccius.

Taken in: 香港 / 東區 / 筲箕灣 (show map)

Taken on: January 1, 1870

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Camera: Canon EOS 550D, f/4.5, 1/50 sec, 29mm, ISO 320 (more info) (hide info)

Camera:	Canon EOS 550D
Aperture:	f/4.5
Exposure Time:	0.02 sec (1/50)
Focal Length:	29mm
ISO:	320
Exposure Bias:	0 EV
Flash:	Off, Did not fire
Exposure Program:	Not Defined
Exposure Mode:	Auto
Metering Mode:	Multi-segment
White Balance:	Auto
Color Space:	sRGB
Software:	Adobe Photoshop Elements 15.0 (Windows)
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