Voltinia cf. agroeca - a photo on Flickriver

Perhaps we do Wish For Happiness But we Also Crave to Keep The Pain Nearby

Description: Thank you so MUCH to Mário Net (www.facebook.com/mario.net.33?fref=gc&dti=38370354842...) and Gustavo de Mattos (www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100015771517800&fref=ufi) for the massive and indispensable help on this ID. All sources were provided by Mário. This ID is credited to him and to Gustavo, who gave extra help.

This butterfly was incredibly painful to identify. It's a butterfly in the family Riodinidae, subfamily Riodininae, tribe Mesosemiini and subtribe Napaeina. I've tried looking into every single specimen of other genera in this subtribe and none matched. Only 4 species of the genus Voltinia supposedly could be found in Brazil. At first, I thought the subject portrayed was a Voltinia umbra (see the link below), but it's not found in Brazil. The closest-looking one located in Southeastern Brazil is Voltinia agroeca but I don't think that's it. I've tried looking into other tribes and subtribes and nothing I found matched the specimen above besides the subtribe Napaeina and, specifically, the genus Voltinia. This butterfly is NOT an Euryba sp.; I've looked into that too as well as many, many others, there are no doubts about that. However, since the distribution status isn't failproof, the best match continues to be V. umbra.

This butterfly's wingspan was approximately 32mm. Caterpillars in the genus Voltinia feed on Bromeliaceae and orchids growing next to tree trunks. I'm unaware of the host plant(s) of the adults. A species of Voltinia, Voltinia drampa, has undergone extinction; fossils were found and these were dated many years ago.

Take a look at a summary of the research done:

Voltinia sanarita is completely different: www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/t/Voltinia_sanarita_a.htm

Voltinia cebrenia is really dark and the picture does not help: www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/t/Voltinia_cebrenia_a.htm

No matching patterns found in Voltinia phryxe: www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/t/Voltinia_phryxe_a.htm

V. umbra looks identical to the subject portrayed, but is not supposedly present in Brazil: butterfliesofamerica.com/imagehtmls/Riodinidae/91-SRNP-9-...

V. agroeca looks the closest to the subject portrayed (although the exact physionomy of V. cebrenia is unknown to me) that can be found in the region, but I'm not sure if it is one: www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/t/Voltinia_agroeca_a.htm

Feeding type: Larvae feed on Bromeliaceae and orchids growing next to tree trunks. I'm unaware on the feeding habits of the adults.

PROJECT NOAH (Português): www.projectnoah.org/spottings/939853149

Taken in: Brasil / Santa Catarina / Benedito Novo (show map)

Taken on: October 26, 2017

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Sets appears in: • Papilionoidea • Subtribe: Napaeina more » • Mesosemiini • Riodininae • Riodinidae • Lepidoptera (Butterflies) • Class: Insecta « less

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